In Gwadar district, soil is of two types: Alluvial soil and lithosols and rigosols. The valley of Dasht river in the western part of the district and the Kulanch valley in the north consist of alluvial soil. The foothills are covered with talus cones and alluvial fans generally composed of gravel, pebbles, and sands. Beyond the foothills, the valley floors are covered with silt and loam. These are fertile soils of great agricultural value in the rocky waste. The mountainous area of the district is covered with lithosols and rigosols. Limestone, shale and sandstone are the main rocks involved in the formation of this area. Volcanic rocks cover the area in patches. Limestone yields very little soils. Most of the soils formed on the slopes are removed by wind, water, and gravity. These stony soils lie over the bedrock and are classified as lithosols. Over the flatter areas, rigosols dominate. These are also soils but unlike lithosols they are usually not stony.

Gwadar: a few kilometers inland

In Gwadar, soil is divided into two local categories; milk for khushkaba and kallar for uncultivated areas. Milk , found in Kulanch valley, is white soft clay brought down from the hills and deposited by the streams and hill torrents. It is considered fit for all kinds of grain crops, specially wheat. It has a great capacity of moisture retention thus it does not crack or harden. Kallar is the soil which is impregnated with salt. The largest tracts of kallar are to be found near the coast as at Kalmat, and between Jiwani and Gabd.

With the virtual absence of vegetation, soil formation is minimal. Soil in the dry crop ( khushkaba ) areas has some agricultural value. Khushkaba lands are flood irrigated. Torrential waters from hill slopes bring along nutrient enriched soil which is highly valuable for agriculture. Soil erosion through wind is more potent in desert and semi-desert areas of the district because of minimal vegetation. A Sand Dune Stabilisation Project has been started in the district with financial support of the World Bank.